What Causes a Scalloped Tongue?

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), tongue diagnosis is a diagnostic method primarily involving observation of the tongue body, tongue coating, and tongue shape to assess physiological functions and pathological changes within the body. So, what causes a “tooth-marked tongue”? Let’s explore this together.

Causes of a Tooth-Marked Tongue

A tooth-marked tongue may result from either genetic or pathological factors—for example, spleen-stomach deficiency.

1. Genetic factors: Some individuals may inherit a tendency toward a relatively large or swollen tongue. Prolonged pressure from the teeth against such a tongue can lead to indentations along its lateral margins—termed a “tooth-marked tongue.” This is generally considered a benign, physiological phenomenon. If no other symptoms are present, specific treatment is typically unnecessary.

2. Spleen-stomach deficiency: This pattern may arise from chronic overeating, irregular eating habits, or frequent consumption of cold or raw foods. When the spleen and stomach become weakened, their capacity to transform and transport fluids diminishes, leading to internal accumulation of dampness. Excess dampness causes the tongue to become enlarged and swollen; when pressed against the teeth, it develops characteristic tooth marks. Patients may also experience obesity, thick yellow tongue coating, and abnormal bowel movements (e.g., loose stools or constipation). Under professional guidance, herbal formulas such as Shen Ling Bai Zhu San (Ginseng, Atractylodes, and Poria Powder), Bu Zhong Yi Qi Wan (Tonify the Spleen and Augment the Qi Pills), or Jian Pi Wan (Spleen-Strengthening Pills) may be prescribed for treatment.

During treatment, maintain a light, easily digestible diet. Avoid cold, raw, spicy, or stimulating foods—including ice cream, chili peppers, and mustard—as these may impede recovery.

The above outlines the primary causes of a tooth-marked tongue. We hope this information is helpful to you.