What are the ingredients of aspirin?

Aspirin, a pain-relieving and fever-reducing medication also known as acetylsalicylic acid, is the active pharmaceutical ingredient in aspirin tablets. Inactive ingredients may include hypromellose, powdered cellulose, corn starch, and triacetin.

What Are the Components of Aspirin?

Aspirin is a widely used medication clinically available in various formulations, including enteric-coated aspirin tablets and effervescent aspirin tablets. The primary active ingredient is aspirin (chemically known as 2-(acetoxy)benzoic acid). For example, enteric-coated aspirin tablets are commonly prescribed for antithrombotic therapy—preventing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation–related thromboembolism, and postoperative thrombosis. They are also indicated for the treatment of unstable angina pectoris. Patients must strictly follow their physician’s instructions when using this medication.

For therapeutic purposes, the typical daily dosage is seven tablets; for prophylactic use, the usual daily dose ranges from one to four tablets. Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and epigastric discomfort. Prolonged or high-dose use may lead to gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration. Hypersensitivity reactions—including asthma, urticaria, or angioedema—may also occur. Aspirin is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug.

Aspirin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, thereby exerting antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Aspirin tablets should not be co-administered with other salicylate-containing products or other antipyretic-analgesic agents. Furthermore, concomitant use with anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, heparin) or thrombolytics (e.g., streptokinase) is not recommended.

Antacids such as sodium bicarbonate increase renal excretion of aspirin, thereby reducing its plasma concentration; therefore, concurrent use is discouraged. Concurrent administration of aspirin with glucocorticoids (e.g., dexamethasone) may exacerbate gastrointestinal adverse effects.

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