What Are Transaminases?

Good physical health is essential for overall well-being. When illness occurs, it may adversely affect both work and daily life. Elevated transaminase levels may indicate liver disease—what exactly are transaminases?

What Are Transaminases?

Transaminases are biologically active substances present in hepatocytes (liver cells) and other organ cells. They play a key role in various biochemical reactions—including metabolic transformations within cells—and are indispensable to human biochemical processes. Clinically, transaminases are routinely measured in serum biochemistry tests to assess damage to hepatocytes or other organ cells. The most commonly used markers reflect the degree of hepatocyte injury—for example, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), which is released into the bloodstream following hepatocyte damage. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is found not only in hepatocytes but also in cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells); elevated AST levels often suggest either myocardial injury or hepatocyte damage.

Symptoms of elevated transaminases include loss of appetite, anorexia, fatigue, lethargy, and low-grade fever. Mild cases may present with excessive sweating, drowsiness, heavy alcohol consumption, or eye strain during reading. However, some patients with elevated transaminases exhibit no obvious symptoms. The most common underlying cause is chronic viral hepatitis—particularly hepatitis B and C—which are bloodborne infections.

Lifestyle adjustments—especially dietary modifications—are important. Avoid spicy and irritating foods; instead, consume more fresh fruits and vitamin-rich foods to support nutritional replenishment. We hope this information proves helpful to you.