What Causes Itchy Skin in the Elderly, and How Is It Treated?

Some middle-aged and elderly individuals experience pruritus (itching) as they age. It is important not to scratch the affected areas with bare hands, as this may exacerbate the itching. What causes pruritus in older adults, and how is it treated?

Causes and Treatment of Pruritus in Older Adults

Pruritus in older adults is often attributable to age-related skin aging and dryness. Dry skin can lead to further atrophy of cutaneous appendages beneath the epidermis, thereby promoting the production of inflammatory cytokines around sebaceous glands—or around sweat glands and hair follicles—ultimately stimulating surrounding nerve endings and triggering itch sensations.

With advancing age, hydration of the stratum corneum declines progressively, leaving the entire skin in a chronically dry state. This dryness often leads to recurrent scaling and associated pruritus. In most cases, topical emollients or moisturizing ointments are appropriate for managing pruritus in older adults. Skin dryness remains the primary underlying cause of pruritus in this population.

Therefore, older adults should maintain adequate hydration by drinking sufficient water and consuming foods rich in vitamins. While maintaining proper hygiene is essential, over-washing or excessive scrubbing should be avoided. Regular physical activity and consistent skin cleansing are also recommended. To alleviate pruritus, older adults should adopt a balanced diet to strengthen overall health, use antipruritic medications as needed, and apply moisturizers regularly. Importantly, scratching must be avoided. We hope this information proves helpful!