Does tooth pain during pregnancy affect the fetus?

This is akin to a common saying: “Toothache isn’t a disease—but when it strikes, it’s unbearable.” So what should you do if you experience tooth pain during pregnancy? This is a concern many expectant mothers face, as dental pain in pregnancy can potentially affect fetal development.

Tooth pain during pregnancy falls into two main categories. First, elevated pregnancy hormone levels may cause gingival edema and bleeding. Second, the mother may already have pre-existing periodontal conditions—such as impacted wisdom teeth or pericoronitis (infection around a partially erupted tooth). If tooth pain occurs during pregnancy, prompt medical evaluation at a hospital is strongly recommended.

If wisdom teeth are erupting during pregnancy, conservative management is advised during the first and third trimesters—e.g., irrigation or topical analgesics—to alleviate symptoms. Tooth extraction is generally avoided during pregnancy due to increased infection risk.

Scientific evidence indicates that pregnant women with periodontal disease face a significantly higher risk of preterm birth; therefore, dental treatment during pregnancy must be approached with utmost caution.

If conditions such as pulpitis, pericoronitis, or acute apical periodontitis arise during the second trimester, management becomes particularly challenging. In such cases, referral to a specialized dental hospital for targeted treatment is essential. Delayed care may lead to severe systemic complications, so timely consultation is critical. Obstetricians will collaborate closely with oral health specialists to select appropriate medications—prioritizing safety for both mother and fetus.