What does “excessive immune response” mean?

Some patients experience immune system dysfunction, necessitating prompt and appropriate treatment to ensure patient safety. But what exactly does “immune hyperactivity” mean?

What Is Immune Hyperactivity?

Immune hyperactivity refers to a state of heightened immune function that leads to specific clinical manifestations. Under normal conditions, the immune system protects the body against disease. However, when immunity becomes excessively active, it may trigger autoimmune disorders. In particular, an overactive immune response can cause intense antigen-antibody reactions directed against the body’s own tissues—resulting in self-attack, functional disturbances, and autoimmune diseases. For example, autoimmune thyroid disease may lead to either hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.

Immune hyperactivity may stem from underlying diseases such as connective tissue disorders or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These are classified as immune-mediated diseases, wherein the body’s immune factors mistakenly recognize its own tissues and substances as foreign, thereby triggering abnormal immune responses.

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