What is a Colles fracture?

A patient falls and lands on the wrist during a traffic accident, or an elderly person falls while walking and lands on the wrist—the diagnosis is Colles’ fracture. So, what exactly is a Colles’ fracture?

What Is a Colles’ Fracture?

A Colles’ fracture is a distal radius fracture. It commonly occurs in traffic accidents when a person falls and lands on the outstretched wrist. In such cases, the distal fragment of the radius displaces dorsally and radially. Clinically, this fracture may present with a characteristic “dinner-fork” or “bayonet” deformity. Typical symptoms include localized pain, swelling, visible deformity, and restricted wrist joint mobility.

When a Colles’ fracture is suspected, prompt radiographic evaluation—including X-ray and CT imaging—is essential. If the fracture does not involve the articular surface, closed reduction (manual manipulation) is typically indicated. Most patients achieve satisfactory outcomes following closed reduction, with full recovery of wrist function. However, if the fracture extends into the joint surface, is associated with vascular or nerve injury, or fails to achieve adequate alignment with closed reduction, surgical intervention—such as percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation or internal plate fixation—may be required. While most patients recover without functional impairment of the wrist joint, a small proportion may experience persistent limitations.

Patients should undergo regular follow-up examinations—approximately every six weeks. Additionally, they should avoid spicy and stimulating foods, abstain from smoking and alcohol, and refrain from strenuous physical activity. We hope this information has been helpful.