What are the methods for preventing and treating myopia?

In daily life, myopia is highly prevalent—especially among students. It is the most common ophthalmic condition and can significantly impact daily living and academic performance. So, what methods are available for the prevention and management of myopia?

Methods for Preventing and Managing Myopia

Preventive measures for myopia include: 1. Engaging in ample outdoor activities—ideally at least two hours per day. Even simple outdoor walking (without vigorous exercise) is beneficial. Such outdoor exposure helps counteract the negative effects of prolonged reading or electronic device use and is highly effective in preventing myopia progression. 2. Practicing scientifically sound visual habits—paying attention to duration and distance of near work, and strictly limiting excessive use of electronic devices. 3. Establishing a refractive development record (refractive error tracking system), enabling early identification of individuals at risk for myopia and timely implementation of control interventions.

Myopia arises from both genetic and environmental factors. Since modifying the underlying genetic predisposition remains impossible, optimizing the visual environment has become the primary and most effective strategy for preventing and controlling myopia progression. True (axial) myopia is irreversible; currently, no pharmacological or physical treatments have proven efficacy. However, low-concentration atropine eye drops may be used as a therapeutic option. The most effective preventive measure is increasing time spent outdoors while minimizing screen time (TV, smartphones, computers), allowing the eyes adequate rest, spending less time indoors, and maintaining a balanced diet.

Maintaining proper posture while sitting, keeping a reading distance of approximately 30 cm, using appropriately sized text, ensuring adequate ambient lighting, selecting ergonomically suitable chairs and desks, and limiting continuous periods of near-vision tasks are all essential practices. Adopting healthy visual habits in daily life is crucial for preventing myopia. We hope this information proves helpful to you!