Why does odor persist after minimally invasive surgery for axillary osmidrosis?

The persistent odor after minimally invasive surgery for axillary osmidrosis may result from incomplete removal of the apocrine glands in the axillary region. During surgery, it is often difficult to identify precisely which glands are affected or to excise all of them completely; thus, some residual glands may remain. Additionally, recurrence postoperatively is possible, as the body possesses inherent regenerative capacity—including that of the sweat glands. In such cases, a second (or even multiple) surgical procedure(s) may be required to achieve complete eradication.