What Causes Acne Breakouts Before Menstruation?
Jul 06, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Wang Xiaoyan
Introduction
Premenstrual acne flare-ups in women are commonly attributed to the following factors:
- **Excessive sebum production**: Hormonal fluctuations before menstruation lead to increased sebum secretion, which can stimulate the pilosebaceous ducts and trigger acne breakouts.
- **Insufficient progesterone**: In the week preceding menstruation, progesterone levels gradually decline. This hormonal shift often results in rougher, more sensitive skin prone to allergic reactions—and consequently, acne.
During menstruation, every woman experiences a temporary decline in physical resilience. Additionally, many women develop sudden acne breakouts before their periods—a common source of distress. So, what causes premenstrual acne? The specific reasons are as follows:
① Excessive Sebum Production
Under the influence of hormonal fluctuations, sebum production increases significantly just before menstruation. This heightened sebum output stimulates the pilosebaceous ducts, making pores more prominent and causing excessive oiliness—ultimately leading to pore blockage and acne flare-ups.
② Elevated Estrogen Levels
From ovulation until the onset of menstruation, rising hormone levels—particularly estrogen—enhance sebaceous gland activity, thereby exacerbating acne.
③ Insufficient Progesterone
According to the natural menstrual cycle, progesterone secretion gradually declines during the week preceding menstruation. During this phase, skin often becomes rougher, more prone to allergic reactions, and exhibits a weakened barrier function—making it more susceptible to acne development.
④ Zinc Deficiency
Research indicates that women without acne tend to have significantly higher zinc levels than those with acne. Zinc inhibits an enzyme involved in skin inflammation and infection. Moreover, zinc helps regulate sebum production, thereby reducing the risk of skin infections. Consequently, zinc deficiency is also a contributing factor to acne.
