What does multiple bullous emphysema in both lungs mean?

Multifocal bullous emphysema of both lungs refers to multiple areas of alveolar emphysema in both lungs and is one manifestation of emphysema. Emphysema is a pathological condition characterized by decreased elasticity, overexpansion, overinflation, increased lung volume, and sometimes destruction of airway walls in the distal portions of the terminal bronchioles, including respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. It is commonly caused by harmful factors such as smoking, infections, and air pollution. Additionally, conditions like bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may also lead to emphysema.

The severity of clinical symptoms in emphysema varies depending on the degree of the disease. In early stages, patients may be asymptomatic or only experience shortness of breath during physical activity or exercise. As emphysema progresses, dyspnea worsens and may occur even with minimal exertion or at complete rest. Patients may develop fatigue, weight loss, decreased appetite, upper abdominal fullness, and symptoms such as cough and sputum production. With disease progression, respiratory failure and heart failure may eventually occur. Typical physical findings in emphysema include an increased anteroposterior chest diameter (barrel chest), reduced chest movement during breathing, and diminished vocal fremitus.

Patients with emphysema should promptly receive antibiotic treatment when indicated and undergo appropriate medical evaluations at a hospital, followed by targeted therapy as recommended by physicians. In daily life, effective measures should be taken for proper management, including complete avoidance of smoking and prevention of cold exposure to reduce the risk of infection. Regular, moderate exercise is also recommended to enhance immune function.