Can acute upper respiratory tract infection heal on its own?
Sep 26, 2022
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Guo Xiheng
Introduction
In general, acute upper respiratory tract infections are self-limiting. Most cases of acute upper respiratory tract infection are caused by viral infections, and as long as there are no complications or other underlying illnesses, the body's immune system can resolve the infection on its own. However, if the infection is caused by bacteria, treatment with appropriate antibiotics under a doctor's guidance is necessary.
Acute upper respiratory tract infections are generally self-limiting. Most cases of acute upper respiratory tract infection are caused by viral infections. In the absence of complications, the body can recover on its own through its immune system. However, if the infection is caused by bacteria, appropriate antibiotic treatment under a doctor's guidance is necessary.
1. Viral infection
About 70%–80% of acute upper respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses, including rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, echovirus, coxsackievirus, and others. There are no specific antiviral drugs for most viral infections, so treatment focuses on symptom relief and antibiotics are not required. However, if symptoms such as yellow sputum or other signs appear, antibiotics may be needed depending on the situation, as bacterial co-infection may have developed.
2. Bacterial infection
Bacterial infections account for 20%–30% of acute upper respiratory tract infections. These can occur as primary infections or secondary to viral infections. The most common pathogen is hemolytic streptococcus, followed by Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus, and occasionally Gram-negative bacteria. When bacterial infection occurs, antibiotic therapy can be used to assist recovery. If breathing difficulties develop, oxygen supplementation or similar measures are recommended to prevent patient discomfort.
For daily prevention, avoid exposure to cold, rain, and excessive fatigue; avoid close contact with individuals who have colds, and refrain from touching the mouth, eyes, or nose with dirty hands. Elderly individuals and those with weakened immune systems should take extra precautions. During outbreaks of upper respiratory infections, wearing masks and avoiding crowded public places are advised.
