What is a preterm infant and what is a full-term infant?

Oct 13, 2022 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Xie Zixing

Introduction

Premature infants refer to newborns delivered before 37 weeks of gestation, typically weighing between 1000 and 2499 grams. They generally have poor adaptability after birth and require special care. Full-term infants are those born between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation, usually weighing between 2500 and 4000 grams. Their organ functions are relatively well-developed, and they have stronger resistance and immunity.

Preterm infants generally refer to newborns born before 37 weeks of gestation, while full-term infants typically refer to those born between 37 and 42 weeks.

1. Preterm Infants

Preterm infants are also known as premature infants, generally referring to newborns delivered before 37 weeks of gestation. Those born before 28 weeks are classified as extremely preterm, infants born between 28 and 32 weeks as very preterm, those between 32 and 34 weeks as moderately preterm, and those between 34 and 37 weeks as late preterm. Their birth weight usually ranges from 1,000 to 2,499 grams. After birth, preterm infants generally have poor adaptability and require special care.

2. Full-Term Infants

In clinical terms, full-term infants are newborns delivered between 37 and 42 weeks after the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, with a typical birth weight ranging from 2,500 to 4,000 grams. After birth, their organ functions are generally well-developed, and they have relatively strong resistance and immunity.

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Aftereffects of a 7-month premature infant

Complications in infants born prematurely at seven months can affect the respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems. Premature infants have underdeveloped lungs; the use of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy may lead to complications such as airway softening and poor development of laryngeal cartilage. Their immature intestinal development can impair nutrient absorption later on. Additionally, incomplete development of brain nerves and blood vessels in preterm infants may result in neurological complications such as hydrocephalus and cerebral softening.

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Formula for calculating milk volume in premature infants

The formula for calculating milk volume for premature infants generally refers to daily milk intake being equal to (days of life + 10) multiplied by body weight. For example, a premature infant who is 10 days old and weighed 4 jin (approximately 2 kg) at birth would have a daily milk volume of about 80 ml. However, due to differences in gestational age and physical condition at birth, the actual milk intake may vary among premature infants.

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What Should Be Done for Gastric Bleeding in Preterm Infants?

If this occurs, prompt evaluation and treatment by a pediatrician are essential. Depending on your specific condition, medications such as hemostatic agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, acid-suppressing agents, and other appropriate medications may be prescribed. It is recommended that you follow your physician’s specific treatment plan. Furthermore, the underlying cause of gastrointestinal bleeding must be clearly identified and treated accordingly. In preterm infants, organ development remains incomplete following separation from the mother’s body.

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What are the key points of care for premature infants?

Key points for caring for premature infants include maintaining warmth, feeding at regular intervals, and preventing infections. Premature babies have relatively low immunity and resistance, making them more susceptible to bacterial or viral attacks. When caring for a preterm baby, it is important to be patient and loving, ensure good indoor ventilation, and choose soft, breathable cotton clothing.