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The function of granulation tissue

Jan 13, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Pan Yongyuan
Introduction
Granulation tissue refers to immature fibrous connective tissue composed of newly formed thin-walled capillaries and proliferating fibroblasts, accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. It appears red, granular, soft, and moist. Granulation tissue plays important roles in wound healing, infection resistance, organization of foreign or necrotic materials, protection of the wound surface, and modulation of inflammatory responses.

Granulation tissue refers to immature fibrous connective tissue composed of newly formed thin-walled capillaries and proliferating fibroblasts, accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. It appears red, granular, soft, and moist. Under normal circumstances, granulation tissue plays roles in wound healing, infection resistance, organization of necrotic materials, protection of the wound surface, and regulation of inflammatory responses. The specific functions are as follows:

1. Promoting wound healing

Granulation tissue is newly formed fibrous connective tissue rich in capillaries. It primarily forms on the surface of wounds and functions to fill and repair tissue defects. When a patient's wound has significant tissue loss or inflammation, granulation tissue can assist in the recovery process.

2. Infection resistance

Granulation tissue also possesses anti-infective properties. Because it contains numerous inflammatory cells, it effectively resists infection, helping to reduce the risk of wound infection. It also aids in removing foreign substances from the wound, thereby promoting wound healing.

3. Organization of materials

Organization refers to the process by which newly formed granulation tissue absorbs and replaces dead tissues or other foreign substances. Eventually, mature granulation tissue transforms into fibrous scar tissue; encapsulation represents an incomplete form of organization. Granulation tissue can organize or encapsulate necrotic tissue, blood clots, inflammatory exudates, and other foreign materials.

4. Protection of the wound surface

The formation of granulation tissue helps cover and protect the wound, preventing further invasion of external bacteria and creating a relatively sterile environment conducive to wound healing.

5. Regulation of inflammatory response

Inflammatory cells within granulation tissue modulate the inflammatory response at the wound site by releasing various inflammatory mediators and growth factors, thereby influencing the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of surrounding cells.

If granulation tissue impedes wound healing, patients should promptly seek medical attention for its removal. After excision, the wound should be disinfected and debrided appropriately.

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