Signs of peritonitis

Peritonitis is a common surgical acute abdomen condition, characterized by localized or diffuse inflammation of the peritoneum. Typical signs generally include abdominal muscle rigidity, abdominal pain, and rebound tenderness.

1. Abdominal Muscle Rigidity

Due to inflammation, both the peritoneum and abdominal muscles undergo tonic contraction, resulting in a noticeably rigid feeling upon palpation. If the inflammation spreads throughout the entire abdomen, it may present as board-like rigidity. Intravenous medication should be administered under a physician's guidance, along with sufficient energy and vitamins. This helps reduce body temperature during fever, suppress inflammation, and correct imbalances in water and electrolytes.

2. Abdominal Pain

Abdominal pain is a common clinical symptom of peritonitis. It primarily results from inflammatory factors or irritation by intestinal contents, typically manifesting as severe pain in the early stages of peritonitis. Common treatments include adopting a semi-recumbent position, which facilitates the flow of peritoneal exudate into the pelvic cavity, limits intra-abdominal inflammation, and alleviates abdominal muscle pain. Most patients with secondary peritonitis require surgical intervention to effectively control peritoneal inflammation and relieve abdominal pain.

3. Rebound Tenderness

Rebound tenderness refers to increased pain when pressure applied by the fingertips on the abdomen is suddenly released. Patients should visit the general surgery department at a hospital for evaluation. Antibiotics such as avoparcin or spiramycin may be prescribed according to medical advice. If the patient experiences significantly worsened pain—indicating a positive rebound tenderness—surgical treatment is necessary.

In addition, in severe cases, symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, rapid breathing, sweating, and shock may also occur. It is recommended to seek timely medical evaluation and receive appropriate symptomatic treatment.