What causes tuberculous peritonitis?

Tuberculous peritonitis is a chronic, diffuse infection of the peritoneum caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can spread and infect via lymphatic and hematogenous routes. Its main predisposing factors include low immunity, primary pulmonary tuberculosis, and peritoneal dialysis.

1. Low immunity: Patients with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the peritoneal region. Various factors can lead to reduced immunity, including chronic sleep deprivation, malnutrition, prolonged physical inactivity, and use of immunosuppressive medications.

2. Primary pulmonary tuberculosis: Patients who already have pulmonary tuberculosis may develop tuberculous peritonitis when the infection spreads from lung lesions through the bloodstream to the peritoneum.

3. Peritoneal dialysis: For some patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis, the risk of developing tuberculous peritonitis is significantly increased.

In addition, patients with underlying conditions such as cirrhosis or diabetes also face a progressively higher risk of developing tuberculous peritonitis. The disease progresses slowly and often presents no obvious symptoms in the early stages, making it difficult to detect promptly. As the condition advances, symptoms such as acute abdominal pain and high fever may appear. Once tuberculous peritonitis is suspected, prompt medical evaluation and appropriate treatment under a physician's guidance are essential.