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Can getting a flu vaccine reduce the incidence of colds?

Feb 24, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Guo Xiheng
Introduction
Getting a flu vaccine usually reduces the incidence of colds, as it guides the immune system to produce specific antibodies that prevent the virus from replicating and spreading in the body. However, if the vaccine does not match the circulating virus strain, or if the immune response generated is weak, or if local vaccination coverage is low, or if infections are caused by other pathogens such as bacteria, the vaccine typically provides no immunity and cannot reduce the occurrence of colds.

Getting a flu vaccine can usually reduce the incidence of influenza, but its effectiveness in preventing the flu may be reduced—or even become ineffective—due to various factors.

1. Yes, it can help

The influenza vaccine is specifically developed based on flu viruses. After vaccination, it prompts the immune system to produce specific antibodies that prevent the replication and spread of the influenza virus in the body, thereby reducing the occurrence of influenza. Additionally, after vaccination, the immune system develops immunological memory against the flu virus. If an individual becomes infected with the virus, the immune system can actively respond, helping to reduce the severity of symptoms and lower the risk of serious complications, thus protecting individual health.

2. No, it cannot always help

Influenza vaccines are typically formulated according to the expected strains for the current season. However, because influenza viruses constantly mutate, the vaccine may not match circulating strains, leading to infection and flu illness. In elderly individuals or those with poor physical health, the immune response generated after vaccination may be weaker, potentially increasing the likelihood of contracting influenza. Moreover, if local vaccination coverage is low—for example, only a small portion of the population is vaccinated—the overall risk of flu transmission remains high. Furthermore, the flu vaccine only protects against influenza virus infections; it does not provide immunity against colds caused by other pathogens such as bacteria, and therefore cannot prevent all types of respiratory illnesses.

To reduce the risk of influenza, it is recommended that individuals proactively visit hospitals regularly to receive flu vaccinations and maintain good health.

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