What are the symptoms of stage three multiple myeloma?

Multiple myeloma at stage three is generally characterized by anemia, bone pain, and renal dysfunction.

1. Anemia

In stage three multiple myeloma, significant anemia symptoms may appear, manifesting as pallor, dizziness, headache, general fatigue, numbness and weakness in limbs, and skin tissue edema. Under medical guidance, patients can take medications that promote red blood cell production, such as iron dextran tablets, ferrous fumarate tablets, or ferrous sulfate tablets.

2. Bone Pain

Stage three multiple myeloma can lead to bone pain due to bone destruction. The infiltration of myeloma cells and the production of factors activating osteoclasts can cause osteolytic damage, resulting in pain in the sternum and lower back. In severe cases, pathological fractures may occur, affecting limb mobility. For patients with mild pain, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen tablets, nimesulide tablets, or indomethacin tablets may be used. Patients with moderate to severe pain may require opioid analgesics such as pethidine tablets, morphine hydrochloride sustained-release tablets, or morphine sulfate tablets for symptomatic relief.

3. Renal Dysfunction

The renal tubules often contain large amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulin, along with conditions such as hyperviscosity syndrome, amyloidosis, myeloma cell infiltration, and pyelonephritis. Under physician guidance, hemodialysis and chemotherapy can help remove creatinine and urea nitrogen, as well as alleviate hyperuricemia caused by chemotherapy.

Besides these, patients with stage three multiple myeloma are highly susceptible to infections, which may lead to serious complications such as chronic heart failure, cerebral insufficiency, and cerebral infarction. Active measures should be taken to prolong patient survival and improve quality of life.