What is the difference between myeloma and amyloidosis?

Generally, myeloma refers to plasmacytoma. The differences between plasmacytoma and amyloidosis include distinct causes, symptoms, diagnostic methods, treatments, and prognoses. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Different Causes

Plasmacytoma originates in the bone marrow and is a primary, systemic malignant tumor with the characteristic of differentiation into plasma cells. In contrast, amyloidosis results from excessive deposition of various soluble fibrous proteins that damage normal tissue function.

2. Different Symptoms

Plasmacytoma commonly presents as skin-colored, red, or purple dermal or subcutaneous nodules, which may occur anywhere on the body and are more frequently seen in adults and elderly individuals. Amyloidosis, on the other hand, often leads to organ enlargement, cardiac hypertrophy, and may also present with rashes, purpura, and other symptoms.

3. Different Diagnostic Methods

Diagnosis of plasmacytoma typically involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging studies such as X-rays and CT scans. Diagnosis of amyloidosis requires tissue biopsy to detect the presence of amyloid protein deposits.

4. Different Treatments

Treatment for plasmacytoma includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, primarily aimed at controlling tumor growth and spread. Treatment for amyloidosis focuses on reducing amyloid protein deposition, alleviating symptoms, and improving quality of life.

5. Different Prognoses

The prognosis of plasmacytoma varies depending on type and stage; certain types may be malignant with a poor prognosis. Similarly, the prognosis of amyloidosis depends on the type and severity of the disease; some forms may be benign with a relatively favorable outcome.

If patients experience any discomfort or symptoms, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.