Full video of the nephrectomy procedure

Radical nephrectomy is a surgical procedure for treating kidney cancer, typically involving the removal of one kidney. The surgery should be performed in a正规 hospital, and the specific steps are as follows:

1. After entering the operating room, the patient is placed in a lateral position. The anesthesiologist administers anesthesia, while the surgical team performs routine disinfection and draping.

2. Once anesthesia takes effect, an incision is made 2 cm above the iliac crest along the mid-axillary line. A pneumoperitoneum needle is inserted to insufflate gas and establish pneumoperitoneum. A trocar is then inserted through the incision, followed by introduction of the laparoscope.

3. Two additional ports are created near the incision to insert vascular clips and surgical scissors. Under laparoscopic visualization, the renal artery and renal vein are identified.

4. The renal artery and vein are doubly clamped at their proximal ends and then transected. Similarly, the ureter is clamped and cut.

5. The adrenal gland is dissected away from the kidney. The kidney is placed into a specimen retrieval bag, and the incision is enlarged to remove the kidney.

6. All instruments are withdrawn, the incision is sutured, and the surgery is completed.

After surgery, patients should rest adequately, drink plenty of water, and limit intake of high-protein foods.