What causes redness and itching of the vulva?

Redness and itching of the vulva may be caused by physiological factors, or could result from pathological conditions such as vulvar dystrophy or vaginitis. It is important to seek medical evaluation promptly and receive appropriate treatment based on the underlying cause.

I. Physiological Factors

For example, during menstruation, women who use rubber or plastic menstrual belts, or engage in unhygienic sexual intercourse, may experience significant irritation of the vulva, leading to symptoms such as itching and swelling. These cases are due to physiological factors and typically do not require special treatment. Maintaining good hygiene practices and making appropriate lifestyle adjustments can gradually relieve symptoms.

II. Pathological Factors

1. Vulvar Dystrophy

Chronic damage to the vulvar skin and mucosal tissues can lead to localized itching and discomfort. As the condition progresses, it may be accompanied by vulvar atrophy and vaginal narrowing. Depending on the severity, physical treatments such as focused ultrasound or CO2 laser therapy may be used under a doctor's guidance to effectively alleviate symptoms.

2. Vaginitis

Because the female vulva is externally exposed and the vagina is adjacent to the urethra and anus, microbial infections can easily occur, causing redness, swelling, and itching of the vulva. After diagnosis, doctors may recommend medications such as metronidazole gel, clotrimazole suppositories, or nitrofurazone-nystatin vaginal ointment. Sexual intercourse should be avoided during treatment.

In addition, conditions such as cervicitis may also contribute. After onset, it is essential to maintain good hygiene habits and schedule regular follow-up visits to the hospital for monitoring.