What causes red bloodshot eyes?

Apr 19, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Cui Xin
Introduction
Redness and bloodshot eyes may result from increased blood circulation after drinking alcohol, causing dilation of blood vessels due to alcohol stimulation. It could also be caused by bacterial infection of the conjunctiva, in which inflammation leads to the expansion of conjunctival capillaries, forming a spider-web-like pattern of red veins. Additionally, when the conjunctiva comes into contact with external allergens, it may trigger eye congestion, redness, along with symptoms such as visible blood vessels and itching.

Generally, redness or bloodshot eyes may be caused by physiological factors, or by pathological conditions such as bacterial conjunctivitis or allergic conjunctivitis. A detailed analysis is as follows:

I. Physiological Factors

The bulbar conjunctiva contains numerous tiny blood vessels. After alcohol consumption, increased systemic circulation and greater blood volume, combined with the stimulating effects of alcohol, can lead to eye congestion and the appearance of red blood vessels. This condition typically does not require specific treatment and resolves once alcohol is fully metabolized in the body.

II. Pathological Factors

1. Bacterial Conjunctivitis

When the conjunctiva becomes infected by bacteria, inflammatory stimulation causes capillaries in the conjunctival tissue to dilate and increases blood flow, resulting in a web-like pattern of red blood vessels. It is recommended to use antibacterial and anti-inflammatory eye drops such as gatifloxacin eye drops, levofloxacin eye drops, or norfloxacin eye drops locally under medical guidance to control symptoms.

2. Allergic Conjunctivitis

When the conjunctiva comes into contact with external allergens, it may trigger eye redness, congestion, and symptoms such as visible red blood vessels and itching. It is recommended to use medications such as naphazoline-pheniramine-magnesium trisilicate eye drops, tobramycin eye drops, or sodium cromoglycate eye drops locally under medical supervision to manage the allergic response and alleviate symptoms.

In addition, acute glaucoma could also cause red eyes. If symptoms persist for a prolonged period and are accompanied by discomfort, prompt medical attention is necessary.


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