What is cervical lesion?

Apr 21, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Lv Aiming

Introduction

Cervicitis typically presents as mild epithelial hyperplasia and inflammatory infiltration of the cervix. There is an increased number of cells in the cervical epithelium, with cellular morphological changes and possibly uneven chromatin distribution in the nuclei. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a type of cervical disease classified into three grades—CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3—representing different degrees of lesion severity. It is characterized by marked epithelial cell proliferation and severe atypical hyperplasia of the epithelial cells.

　　

Cervical lesions refer to diseases characterized by abnormal changes in the cervix, primarily including cervicitis and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

　　1. Cervicitis

Cervicitis typically presents as mild epithelial hyperplasia and inflammatory infiltration of the cervix. There is an increased number of cells in the cervical epithelium, with altered cell morphology and possibly uneven distribution of nuclear chromatin. In addition, inflammatory cell infiltration—such as lymphocytes and plasma cells—may occur in the surface layer of the cervical mucosa or in the glandular tissue. These inflammatory cells release cytokines and chemokines, leading to mucosal edema, congestion, erosion, and other changes that result in the symptoms of cervicitis.

　　2. Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a type of cervical disease generally classified into three grades: CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3, representing increasing severity. CIN1 refers to mild dysplasia, characterized by epithelial cell proliferation but with relatively normal cell morphology and nuclear chromatin distribution. CIN2 indicates moderate dysplasia, showing明显 epithelial proliferation along with irregular changes in cell shape and chromatin distribution. CIN3 represents severe dysplasia, marked by markedly abnormal epithelial cell proliferation, highly irregular cell morphology and chromatin patterns, as well as enlarged and atypical nuclei.

Although both conditions involve abnormal changes in the cervical epithelium, they differ significantly in pathological features and prognosis. If cervicitis or any other cervical disorder is suspected, prompt medical evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment are recommended.

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