What are the endoscopic findings of Barrett's esophagus?

The endoscopic manifestations of Barrett's esophagus generally include changes in esophageal mucosal color, local epithelial metaplasia, and upward migration of the gastroesophageal junction. Specific details are as follows:

1. Change in Esophageal Mucosal Color

Barrett's esophagus is a pathological change observed clinically. Normally, the esophageal mucosa appears pale red with a relatively smooth surface. Under the influence of age and prolonged external stimuli, the mucosa may migrate upward, and parts of the esophageal mucosa can be replaced by gastric-type mucosa, resulting in an orange-red appearance.

2. Localized Mucosal Epithelial Metaplasia

If patients frequently consume highly irritating foods, local mucosal damage may occur. During the self-repair process, the local cells may undergo transformation into columnar epithelium (intestinal metaplasia). During endoscopic examination, noticeable changes in the mucosal surface at the affected site can be observed.

3. Upward Migration of the Junctional Zone

As the disease progresses, gastric columnar epithelium gradually replaces the squamous epithelium of the esophagus, causing the junction between the gastric columnar epithelium and esophageal mucosa to shift progressively upward.

In addition, other endoscopic findings may include a rough mucosal surface and increased visibility of local blood vessels. Patients are advised to maintain a bland diet in daily life and reduce intake of high-sugar foods such as chocolate and cake to help control body weight.