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What does it mean when a fetus has only one umbilical cord?

Aug 28, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Zhao Xiaodong
Introduction
The fetus has only one umbilical artery, typically characterized by the absence of one of the two normal umbilical arteries, resulting in a single umbilical artery and vein, along with possible abnormalities in the umbilical arteries or vein, or umbilical cord ligation. This condition, known as single umbilical artery (SUA), may be associated with fetal cardiac and urinary system developmental anomalies. The primary treatment approach involves close monitoring of fetal growth and development, with appropriate management based on the specific clinical situation.

Under normal circumstances, a fetus having only one umbilical cord may be caused by physiological variation, umbilical cord abnormalities, fetal developmental abnormalities, fetal-placental problems, or congenital malformations. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Physiological Variation

Normally, a fetus having only one umbilical cord is considered a normal physiological variation. During embryonic development, abnormal changes in the structure of the umbilical cord may occur, resulting in the formation of only one umbilical cord.

2. Umbilical Cord Abnormalities

Certain structural abnormalities of the umbilical cord in some fetuses, such as early rupture or developmental anomalies of the cord, may lead to the presence of only one umbilical cord.

3. Fetal Developmental Abnormalities

In some cases, abnormal fetal development may result in the formation of a single umbilical cord. This may be related to genetic variations or non-genetic factors occurring during the early stages of embryonic development.

4. Fetal-Placental Problems

Abnormalities occurring during placental formation can also lead to a single umbilical cord. Placental development involves multiple factors, including developmental abnormalities or genetic factors during embryogenesis.

5. Congenital Malformations

Certain congenital malformations in fetuses may result in a single umbilical cord, possibly associated with developmental or genetic abnormalities during embryonic development.

It should be noted that a single umbilical cord typically does not have a significant impact on the health and development of the fetus. The primary function of the umbilical cord is to provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus and remove metabolic waste through circulation. If any discomfort or abnormal symptoms occur, immediate medical attention is recommended to prevent adverse outcomes.


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