How many stages are there in the early phase of cervical cancer?

Sep 05, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Lv Aiming

Introduction

Early-stage cervical cancer is divided into stage 0, stage I, stage II, and stage III. Stage 0, also known as carcinoma in situ, is characterized by cancer cells that remain confined to the cervical epithelium and have not invaded deeper cervical tissues. At this stage, the abnormal cells are limited to the surface and have not penetrated the basement layer of the cervical tissue. Cervical cancer at stage 0 typically does not cause noticeable symptoms. It is recommended to seek medical evaluation if there are symptoms suggestive of cervical cancer or presence of high-risk factors.

Under normal circumstances, early-stage cervical cancer is generally divided into three phases: carcinoma in situ, microinvasive carcinoma, and pre-invasive carcinoma. The details are as follows:

1. Carcinoma in situ

In this phase, cervical epithelial cells exhibit abnormal proliferation and atypical changes that may develop into malignant cells, but have not yet penetrated the basement membrane or invaded deeper cervical tissues and organs. At this stage, there are usually no obvious symptoms or signs, and diagnosis typically requires cervical cytology testing or cervical biopsy.

2. Microinvasive carcinoma

The cervical epithelial cells have penetrated the basement membrane and invaded the subepithelial stroma, but the maximum tumor diameter does not exceed 5 millimeters, and there is no lymph node metastasis. Patients at this stage may experience irregular vaginal bleeding, increased vaginal discharge, or postcoital bleeding, although some may remain asymptomatic.

3. Pre-invasive carcinoma (early invasive carcinoma)

The cancer has invaded deeper cervical tissues, organs, and surrounding structures, but has not yet spread to distant lymph nodes or organs. Symptoms may include vaginal bleeding, increased vaginal discharge, lower abdominal discomfort, and postcoital bleeding. The tumor is larger at this stage and may affect the urethra and rectum, potentially causing urinary difficulties or constipation.

In summary, individuals experiencing any symptoms should seek timely medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment, thus avoiding adverse outcomes.

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