What complications can result from a fractured elbow joint?
Feb 25, 2023
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Lin Yunfei
Introduction
Complications of elbow fractures generally include joint stiffness, joint instability, elbow deformity, traumatic arthritis, and nerve or vascular injuries. Management should be tailored according to the specific condition. After an elbow fracture, stiffness may occur, limiting rotation and flexion-extension movements, thereby affecting daily activities such as twisting a towel, dressing, or rotational motions. In such cases, immobilization and reduction should be performed under medical guidance.
Sequelae of elbow joint fractures generally include joint stiffness, joint instability, elbow deformity, traumatic arthritis, and nerve or vascular injuries. Management should be tailored according to individual circumstances. Specific details are as follows:
1. Joint Stiffness
After an elbow fracture, the joint may become stiff, limiting rotation, flexion, and extension. Activities such as twisting a towel, dressing, or any rotational movements may be affected. In such cases, immobilization and realignment under medical guidance are necessary.
2. Joint Instability
An elbow fracture may compromise joint stability, possibly due to suboptimal fracture healing, ligament laxity or injury, or damage to articular cartilage. Joint instability increases the risk of elbow dislocation. Patients should minimize elbow movement to prevent dislocation.
3. Elbow Deformity
Elbow deformity is a common complication following elbow fractures, especially in adolescents whose skeletal development is not yet complete. Untreated fractures may lead to varus or valgus deformities. Patients are advised to undergo CT scans at the hospital promptly to evaluate the severity of the fracture and receive appropriate conservative treatment to prevent deformity.
4. Traumatic Arthritis
When an elbow fracture involves the joint surface, causing irregularity or cartilage damage, varying degrees of cartilage wear can occur during joint movement, leading to traumatic osteoarthritis. This condition often presents with localized pain and discomfort. Under medical supervision, acupuncture may be used to improve local blood circulation and alleviate pain.
5. Nerve and Vascular Injury
Severe elbow fractures may be accompanied by nerve or vascular damage, such as injury to the ulnar nerve, median nerve, or brachial artery. This may result in sensory loss, motor dysfunction, or impaired blood supply. For such cases, rehabilitation under medical supervision is essential to relieve symptoms.
In addition, heterotopic ossification (myositis ossificans) may also occur as a sequela of elbow fractures. Daily activities should emphasize adequate rest and avoidance of overexertion.
