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What are the transmission routes of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome?

Jan 02, 2024 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Jiang Chenggang
Introduction
Under normal circumstances, the transmission routes of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) include respiratory transmission, gastrointestinal transmission, contact transmission, vertical transmission, and vector-borne transmission. Rodents carrying the virus excrete viral particles that can form aerosols; when inhaled through the respiratory tract, these aerosols may cause human infection. Currently, this route is considered the primary mode of transmission for the disease. Patients are advised to take protective measures, such as wearing masks properly.

Under normal circumstances, transmission routes of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) include respiratory transmission, digestive tract transmission, contact transmission, vertical transmission, and vector-borne transmission. The details are as follows:

1. Respiratory Transmission

Viral excretions from infected rodents can form aerosols that are inhaled through the respiratory tract, leading to human infection. This route is currently considered the primary mode of transmission. It is recommended that individuals take protective measures such as wearing masks.

2. Digestive Tract Transmission

Ingestion of food or water contaminated by rodent excretions allows the virus to enter the body through damaged oral mucosa, causing infection. Individuals should maintain healthy dietary habits and avoid consuming undercooked food.

3. Contact Transmission

Infection may occur through bites from infected rodents or through broken skin coming into contact with viral excretions or blood from infected rodents. For example, excretions from virus-carrying striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius) may contaminate soil or crops, allowing the virus to enter the body through skin or wounds. It is advised to immediately disinfect any wounds to prevent infection.

4. Vertical Transmission

The presence of the virus in fetal liver, kidney, lung, and other organs from miscarried fetuses of infected pregnant women, as well as in the fetuses of striped field mice and brown rats from epidemic areas, suggests that the virus may be transmitted vertically. Individuals should maintain good personal hygiene, including frequent handwashing.

5. Vector-Borne Transmission

Hantavirus has been isolated from trombiculid mites (chiggers). It is recommended that individuals promptly disinfect areas after insect bites to prevent infection.

If individuals experience any discomfort, they should seek medical evaluation and treatment at a正规 medical facility promptly to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.


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