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Which blood test item reflects immunity?

Oct 20, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Feng
Introduction
A complete blood count (CBC) usually refers to a routine blood test. Generally speaking, there is no specific item in a CBC that directly measures immunity. However, indicators related to immune function include the total white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte percentage, eosinophil percentage, and monocyte count. If a CBC has been performed, it is advisable to consult a doctor for interpretation of the results.

Blood routine usually refers to a complete blood count (CBC). Generally speaking, there is no specific item in a CBC that directly reflects immunity. However, several indicators are related to immune function, including total white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte percentage, eosinophil percentage, and monocyte count. The details are as follows:

1. Total White Blood Cell Count

White blood cells are immune cells in the body responsible for defending against invading pathogens. A normal white blood cell count is ideal. An elevated count may indicate inflammation or infection in the body, while a low count may suggest decreased immunity and increased susceptibility to infections.

2. Neutrophil Percentage

Neutrophils have the ability to engulf and kill bacteria. The normal range for neutrophil percentage is typically 50%–70%. An increased percentage may indicate bacterial infection, whereas a decreased percentage may be associated with reduced immunity.

3. Lymphocyte Percentage

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that participate in immune responses by producing antibodies or directly attacking antigens. The normal lymphocyte percentage is usually 20%–40%. An elevated percentage may indicate viral infection, while a decreased percentage may be linked to weakened immunity.

4. Eosinophil Percentage

Eosinophils are involved in immune responses to allergic reactions and parasitic infections. The normal eosinophil percentage is typically 0.5%–5%. An increased percentage may indicate allergic diseases or parasitic infection, and may also reflect certain immune responses.

5. Monocyte Count

Monocytes are another type of white blood cell that can engulf and destroy bacteria and participate in immune responses. An increased monocyte count may indicate the presence of infection or inflammation in the body and may also be related to changes in immune status.

If a complete blood count has been performed, it is recommended to consult a doctor for proper interpretation of the results. In daily life, maintaining healthy habits, ensuring a balanced diet, and adequate nutrition intake can help enhance the body's immune function.

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