How to read liver function test results

　　Liver disease test results can be interpreted by examining indicators such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholinesterase, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, and others. The specific analysis is as follows:

　　1. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT): ALT is an enzyme primarily found in liver cells, with a normal range of 0–40 U/L. When the liver is damaged or inflamed, ALT is released into the bloodstream; therefore, elevated ALT levels may indicate liver disease and are commonly used to assess liver inflammation or injury.

　　2. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST): AST is present in multiple tissues, including the liver, and its reference range is 0–40 U/L. Similar to ALT, increased AST levels may suggest liver damage.

　　3. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP): ALP is an enzyme mainly found in the liver and bone tissue. The normal range is 50–135 U/L for women and 45–125 U/L for men. ALP levels increase in conditions involving liver disease or bone disorders.

　　4. Direct Bilirubin: Direct bilirubin is a fraction of bilirubin related to bile secretion by the liver. The normal range for adults is typically 0–6.8 μmol/L. Elevated direct bilirubin may indicate impaired liver excretion function, such as bile stasis or bile duct obstruction.

　　5. Total Bilirubin: Total bilirubin represents the sum of all bilirubin in plasma, including both direct and indirect bilirubin, with a normal range of 5.13–22.24 μmol/L. Total bilirubin levels may rise in cases of liver dysfunction, hemolytic anemia, and other conditions.

　　It is recommended that a physician interpret these test results to ensure accuracy.