The gum next to the tooth is swollen, and there is white pus.

In general, swelling of the gum tissue next to a tooth accompanied by white pus may be caused by factors such as internal heat ("shang huo"), oral ulcers, trauma, apical periodontitis, or periodontal abscess, and targeted treatment is required. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly for proper diagnosis and treatment. Specific causes are analyzed as follows:

1. Internal Heat ("Shang Huo")

Internal heat may cause inflammation of the oral mucosa, leading to pain and swelling, and occasionally white discharge. Under medical guidance, medications such as Tianwang Buxin Dan, Niuhuang Qingfei Pian, or Yangyin Qingfei Wan may be used to alleviate symptoms.

2. Oral Ulcers

Oral ulcers typically appear as small sores on the mucosal surface, usually round or oval in shape, with mild redness around the edges. The ulcer site may be covered with white or grayish-white exudate. Treatment may include chlorhexidine mouth rinse, Kangfuxin Liquid, or oral ulcer powder, as advised by a physician.

3. Trauma

Physical injury to the soft tissues of the mouth can lead to swelling and pain, sometimes accompanied by white pus. As directed by a healthcare provider, gently clean the affected area using a cotton swab dipped in saline solution.

4. Apical Periodontitis

Apical periodontitis is an infection of the tissues surrounding the tooth root apex, which may cause localized swelling, pus formation, toothache, and tooth sensitivity. Medications such as minocycline hydrochloride capsules, tinidazole capsules, or amoxicillin capsules may be prescribed by a doctor to relieve symptoms.

5. Periodontal Abscess

A periodontal abscess results from an infection near the gums or tooth root apex, causing localized swelling, redness, pain, and sometimes visible white pus. Medical treatment, such as periodontal flap surgery, is required.

In daily life, it is important to maintain good oral hygiene and follow a light, balanced diet to promote recovery.