What are the causes of macular degeneration?

Under normal circumstances, macular degeneration may be caused by aging, genetic mutations, trauma, uveitis, or retinal vasculitis. It is recommended to seek timely medical attention to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Aging

With increasing age, the macula undergoes degenerative changes, leading to macular degeneration. Symptoms may include gradually declining vision and visual distortion. High-energy laser therapy, guided by a physician, can help alleviate symptoms.

2. Genetic Mutation

Certain genetic variations may lead to abnormal function of cells in the macular region, triggering macular degeneration, often accompanied by central scotoma (dark spots in the visual field). Treatment may include gene therapy or stem cell therapy under medical supervision.

3. Trauma

If the eye suffers physical injury that damages the macula, it may result in macular lesions such as hemorrhage, edema, or macular holes. Surgical interventions like macular translocation or retinal transplantation may be required under medical guidance.

4. Uveitis

This condition may be caused by infection, resulting in congestion and swelling of the uvea, which may affect the macula and lead to macular damage. Symptoms include eye pain, photophobia, and tearing. Medications such as diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets, dexamethasone acetate tablets, and indomethacin sustained-release capsules may be used under medical supervision.

5. Retinal Vasculitis

Typically caused by infection, this condition damages blood vessels in the macular area, leading to macular degeneration with associated edema or hemorrhage. Treatments may include cortisone acetate tablets, dexamethasone acetate tablets, or betamethasone tablets as prescribed by a physician.

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