How is macular degeneration of the eye's fundus treated?

Under normal circumstances, macular lesions in the retina of the eye may be caused by aging, prolonged eye strain, mild macular edema, diabetic retinopathy, or high myopia. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and then improve the condition under a doctor's guidance through general management, medication, surgery, or other treatments. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Aging: With increasing age, cells in the macular area gradually degenerate and lose function, leading to pathological changes, often manifesting as vision decline. In daily life, supplementing with lutein and zeaxanthin is advisable, along with regular fundus examinations every six months to one year to monitor disease progression and prevent worsening.

2. Prolonged eye strain: Long-term exposure to electronic screens or using eyes under bright light continuously stimulates the macula, which can trigger lesions, typically presenting as blurred vision. It is recommended to take a 5–10 minute break every 40 minutes of screen use, look into the distance to relax the eyes, and wear blue-light-blocking glasses to reduce macular stimulation from electronic devices.

3. Mild macular edema: Fluid accumulation in the macular area leads to swelling, impairing light signal transmission and causing visual distortion. Patients should follow medical advice to use medications such as ranibizumab injection, conbercept ophthalmic injection, or aflibercept intravitreal injection to reduce edema and restore macular function.

4. Diabetic retinopathy: Chronically elevated blood sugar damages retinal blood vessels, causing leakage into the macular region and resulting in lesions, often accompanied by sudden vision loss. Blood glucose must be controlled under medical guidance using medications such as metformin sustained-release tablets, glimepiride tablets, or insulin injections. Laser photocoagulation may be necessary to seal leaking vessels and protect the macula.

5. High myopia: In cases of high myopia, elongation of the eyeball axis pulls and distorts the macular area, potentially causing macular holes or bleeding. In severe cases, vitrectomy may be required to repair macular holes, reduce bleeding, and slow down vision deterioration.

Daily precautions include avoiding eye rubbing and protecting against ocular trauma. Wearing sunglasses outdoors helps block intense light and reduces macular stimulation. Maintaining a regular sleep schedule and avoiding late nights are also important. Comprehensive eye care can help preserve retinal health and slow the progression of macular disease.