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Why are my fingernails uneven or bumpy?

Sep 06, 2024 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
In general, uneven or rough nail surfaces may be caused by aging, dehydration, genetic factors, malnutrition, anemia, and other conditions. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly and receive symptomatic treatment under a doctor's guidance. In daily life, maintain a balanced diet, stay adequately hydrated, avoid physical damage to the nails, and perform regular nail care.

In general, uneven or rough nail surfaces may be caused by aging, dehydration, genetic factors, malnutrition, anemia, and other conditions. It is recommended to seek medical advice promptly and receive symptomatic treatment under a doctor's guidance. Specific causes are analyzed as follows:

1. Aging

As people age, nail growth slows down, and the nails become more brittle, making them prone to developing an uneven surface. Maintaining healthy lifestyle habits, balanced nutrition, and adequate intake of protein and vitamins is recommended.

2. Dehydration

Inadequate hydration in the body or localized dryness in the nails can lead to dry, brittle nails, resulting in an uneven texture. It is important to maintain sufficient fluid intake—drinking at least eight glasses of water daily is recommended.

3. Genetic Factors

Nail shape and texture may be influenced by hereditary genes. If family members have uneven nails, individuals may have a higher likelihood of experiencing similar symptoms. This is considered a normal physiological variation and typically does not require specific treatment.

4. Malnutrition

Long-term picky eating, dietary imbalances, or extreme dieting for weight loss can lead to malnutrition. Deficiencies in essential nutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamins may cause nails to become thin, brittle, and uneven. Additional symptoms may include low body weight and palpitations. Under medical supervision, patients may take supplements such as vitamin B complex tablets, vitamin C effervescent tablets, or oral zinc sulfate solution.

5. Anemia

Anemia is often associated with poor dietary habits or being underweight. Severe anemia can impair blood flow and nutrient delivery to the nails, leading to slow growth, deformities, and uneven surfaces. Symptoms may also include fatigue and pale complexion. Under a doctor’s guidance, patients may use medications such as ferrous sulfate tablets, vitamin C tablets, or folic acid tablets for treatment.

In daily life, it is important to maintain a balanced diet, stay well-hydrated, avoid physical trauma to the nails, and perform regular nail care.

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