How to remove dark spots on the face

Sep 09, 2024 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Liu Wenmin

Introduction

Facial pigmentation may be caused by genetic factors, aging, ultraviolet radiation, melanosis, hormonal imbalances, and other reasons. To prevent and improve facial spots, it is important to maintain a balanced diet, consume adequate foods rich in vitamins C and E, ensure sufficient sleep, avoid prolonged exposure to intense ultraviolet light, and regularly cleanse and moisturize the skin to maintain healthy skin condition.

Generally, facial pigmentation may be caused by genetic factors, aging, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, melanosis, endocrine disorders, and other reasons. Treatment options include general care, medication, laser pigmentation removal, photorejuvenation, and chemical peels such as glycolic acid peel, all of which should be conducted under the guidance of a medical professional. Specific analysis is as follows:

1. Genetic Factors

If there is a family history of pigmentation, individuals are more likely to develop similar skin issues. These pigmented spots may appear during childhood and become more prominent with age, leading to facial discoloration. Daily use of concealing cosmetics can help mask the spots. Under professional medical supervision, laser treatment for pigmentation removal can be performed. This method uses selective photothermolysis to target pigment particles with laser energy, causing them to shatter into tiny fragments that are then absorbed or expelled by the body, effectively removing the spots. The typical cost ranges from 200 to 5,000 yuan per session, with visible improvement usually seen after 2–4 weeks. However, possible side effects include redness, swelling, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

2. Age-Related Factors

As people age, skin metabolism slows down, affecting pigment turnover and contributing to the formation of facial spots. Maintaining healthy lifestyle habits in daily life can help slow down skin aging. It is recommended to undergo photorejuvenation under the guidance of a qualified physician. This treatment uses specific broad-spectrum light to break down pigmentation and close abnormal capillaries, while also stimulating collagen and elastic fiber production, resulting in smoother, finer skin. The reference price is generally between 3,000 and 6,000 yuan per session, with improvements typically noticeable within 1–2 weeks. Possible side effects include dryness, redness, itching, and allergic reactions.

3. Ultraviolet Radiation

Prolonged exposure to UV rays stimulates the skin to produce excess melanin to protect against damage. If this melanin is not efficiently eliminated, it accumulates in the upper layers of the skin, forming pigmentation and leading to facial spots. Regular use of sunscreen, sun hats, and other protective measures is essential for prevention. Additionally, glycolic acid peels under medical supervision can be effective. Glycolic acid promotes exfoliation of aged keratinocytes, stimulates new cell and fiber regeneration, and enhances melanin metabolism, thereby reducing pigmentation. The average cost ranges from 1,000 to 3,000 yuan per session, with results typically appearing within 1–2 months. Potential side effects include skin irritation and inflammation.

4. Melanosis

Melanosis is a condition characterized by abnormal skin pigmentation. Its exact pathogenesis is not fully understood but may involve multiple factors such as occupational exposures, improper use of cosmetics, and endocrine imbalances. These factors may lead to abnormal function or increased numbers of melanocytes, resulting in hyperpigmentation and the appearance of facial spots. Symptoms may include itching and a burning sensation. Patients should follow medical advice and use medications such as tretinoin cream, tranexamic acid injection, and glutathione tablets for treatment.

5. Endocrine Disorders

Endocrine imbalances may result from stress, lack of sleep, irregular作息 (daily routines), and other factors. Hormonal disturbances affect melanin metabolism and distribution, leading to facial pigmentation. Associated symptoms may include menstrual irregularities, mood swings, insomnia, and vivid dreams. Treatment under medical supervision may include traditional Chinese medicines such as Xiaoyao Pills, Wuji Baifeng Pills, or progesterone capsules.

It is recommended to visit a reputable medical facility and receive treatments under the supervision of qualified professionals to ensure both efficacy and safety. To prevent and improve facial pigmentation, individuals should maintain a balanced diet rich in vitamin C and E, ensure adequate sleep, avoid prolonged exposure to intense sunlight, and practice regular skin cleansing and moisturizing to maintain overall skin health.

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