What causes melasma on the face?

Generally, the appearance of melasma on the face may be caused by factors such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, genetics, endocrine disorders, viral hepatitis, or liver cirrhosis. If you experience any physical discomfort, seek medical help promptly. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. UV Radiation

Exposure to ultraviolet rays directly stimulates melanocytes in the skin, increasing their activity and promoting excessive production of melanin. This melanin accumulates in the skin, leading to the formation of melasma. Wearing wide-brimmed hats and using umbrellas when outdoors, along with applying sunscreen that has a high SPF and long-lasting protection, can further reduce direct sun exposure to the skin.

2. Genetics

If one or both parents have melasma, their children are more likely to develop it. Melasma may appear as early as childhood and gradually worsen with age. It is important to pay extra attention to daily skin protection, choose skincare products suitable for your skin type, and avoid using irritating or inappropriate products.

3. Endocrine Disorders

Long-term sleep deprivation, high mental stress, or increased secretion of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy can lead to endocrine imbalances. These disruptions affect the normal function of melanocytes, resulting in increased pigment production and the development of melasma, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as menstrual irregularities and dysmenorrhea. Under medical guidance, medications such as Jingxin Oral Liquid, Wuji Baifeng Pills, or Guizhi Fuling Pills may be used to regulate the endocrine system.

4. Viral Hepatitis

Viral hepatitis is an infectious disease primarily affecting the liver, caused by various hepatitis viruses. It may impair liver metabolism, preventing the body from effectively eliminating toxic substances. The prolonged accumulation of these substances can trigger melasma, often accompanied by symptoms such as fatigue and loss of appetite. Treatment should follow medical advice and may include medications like Compound Glycyrrhizin Tablets, Hugan Tablets, or Bifendate Drops.

5. Liver Cirrhosis

Liver cirrhosis results from long-term or repeated damage due to one or more causes, leading to diffuse liver injury. Impaired liver function can disrupt bilirubin excretion, increase vascular pressure, and cause deficiencies in vitamins and antioxidants, making the skin more susceptible to damage and contributing to melasma. This condition is typically accompanied by symptoms such as darkened skin tone and edema. Medications such as Entecavir Tablets, Desonide Cream, or Adefovir Dipivoxil Tablets may be prescribed under medical supervision.

In daily life, it is important to avoid prolonged sun exposure, maintain a regular sleep schedule and positive mindset, eat a balanced diet, and pay attention to liver health. For genetically predisposed melasma, consistent skin care and protection are essential—use appropriate skincare products and avoid irritants.