What causes tinnitus and how is it treated?

　　Under normal circumstances, tinnitus may be caused by aging, stress and fatigue, noise exposure, neurogenic tinnitus, otitis media, and other factors. General treatments, medication, and other methods can be used for management. If discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Specific analyses are as follows:

　　1. Aging

　　With advancing age, natural changes occur in the ear's structures, leading to damage of inner ear hair cells and hearing loss. These hair cells are crucial for sound perception. When damaged, they may send abnormal signals to the brain, which are interpreted as tinnitus. Although age-related tinnitus is difficult to completely eliminate, hearing aids or other assistive devices can help improve hearing and reduce tinnitus-related discomfort.

　　2. Stress and Fatigue

　　Prolonged mental tension, work pressure, or physical exhaustion can trigger the release of stress hormones such as cortisol, which may affect blood flow to the inner ear and lead to tinnitus. Ensuring adequate rest, adjusting sleep schedules, and avoiding overexertion are recommended.

　　3. Noise Exposure

　　Long-term exposure to high-decibel noise environments—such as industrial noise or music concerts—can damage auditory hair cells in the inner ear, particularly those in the high-frequency regions. Once damaged, these cells may send abnormal signals to the brain, resulting in tinnitus. It is advisable to avoid prolonged exposure to loud noises and to use earplugs or earmuffs for ear protection.

　　4. Neurogenic Tinnitus

　　Neurogenic tinnitus is associated with factors such as insufficient blood supply to the inner ear. Vasospasm of the inner ear vessels, thrombosis, or nerve damage can lead to dysfunction of the inner ear, causing tinnitus, possibly accompanied by symptoms like hearing loss and dizziness. Patients are advised to follow medical guidance in using medications such as Ginkgo biloba extract injection, Nimodipine tablets, and Mecobalamin tablets to alleviate symptoms.

　　5. Otitis Media

　　Otitis media is usually related to bacterial infection or inflammation in the middle ear. Bacteria enter the middle ear through the Eustachian tube, triggering an inflammatory response that leads to fluid accumulation and tinnitus, often accompanied by symptoms such as ear pain and fever. It is recommended to treat under a doctor’s supervision with medications such as Amoxicillin capsules, Cefradine capsules, and Hydrocortisone cream.

　　In daily life, it is important to maintain ear canal hygiene, avoid prolonged exposure to noisy environments, and ensure sufficient sleep to prevent tinnitus or reduce its symptoms.