What are the solutions for chronic constipation in the elderly?

Generally, long-term constipation in the elderly may be caused by aging, improper diet, lack of physical activity, internal hemorrhoids, muscle atrophy, and other factors. Treatment under medical guidance may include general management and medication. Specific causes are analyzed as follows:

1. Aging

With advancing age, bodily functions in older adults gradually decline. Intestinal peristalsis slows down, prolonging the time feces remain in the intestines. This leads to excessive water absorption, which can cause dry, hard stools and result in chronic constipation. It is important to maintain regular daily routines and engage in moderate physical activities such as walking or tai chi to promote intestinal motility.

2. Improper Diet

Due to decreased appetite, reduced chewing ability, or a preference for refined foods, elderly individuals may not consume enough dietary fiber and fluids. This can impair intestinal movement, leading to prolonged retention of stool in the gut and chronic constipation. It is essential to maintain adequate fluid intake and eat more fiber-rich foods such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.

3. Lack of Physical Activity

Due to declining physical function, older adults may avoid intense exercise, and even when exercising, their activity level and intensity are often reduced. Insufficient physical activity can impair intestinal peristalsis, leading to prolonged stool retention and eventually constipation. Regular exercise should be scheduled according to individual interests and physical capacity.

4. Internal Hemorrhoids

Internal hemorrhoids, caused by genetic factors or poor lifestyle habits, can cause pain during defecation. Affected individuals may therefore avoid bowel movements, resulting in prolonged stool retention and constipation. Symptoms may also include rectal bleeding, anal pain, and itching. Patients may use medications such as Ma Yinglong Musk Hemorrhoid Ointment, Zi Hua Hemorrhoid Ointment, or Chlorhexidine Acetate Hemorrhoid Suppositories as directed by a physician.

5. Muscle Atrophy

With age, muscle mass decreases, and the abdominal and rectal muscles may atrophy, weakening the force needed for defecation and making it difficult to pass stool. Daily pelvic floor muscle exercises, such as Kegel exercises, can help strengthen abdominal and rectal muscles. Additionally, medications such as prednisolone tablets, cyclosporine capsules, or adalimumab injection may be used under medical supervision.

In daily life, elderly individuals should maintain regular作息 (sleep-wake cycles), balanced nutrition, sufficient dietary fiber and fluid intake, engage in appropriate physical activity, strengthen pelvic floor muscle training, and pay attention to personal hygiene to prevent and improve long-term constipation.