What causes meningitis?
Sep 30, 2024
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
In general, meningitis may be associated with factors such as underdeveloped immune system, specific anatomical structures, viral infections, bacterial infections, and varicella-zoster virus infection. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly and follow a treatment plan under medical guidance, including general supportive care and medication. In daily life, one should maintain a light diet, eat small meals frequently, engage in appropriate physical activity, and enhance immunity.
In general, meningitis may be associated with factors such as underdeveloped immune systems, specific anatomical structures, viral infections, bacterial infections, and fungal infections. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly and receive treatment under a doctor's guidance, including general supportive care and medication. The details are as follows:
1. Underdeveloped Immune System
An underdeveloped or impaired immune system reduces the body’s ability to recognize and eliminate pathogens, increasing the risk of infection. In particular, an immature or weakened immune system may allow pathogens to more easily cross the blood-brain barrier, leading to meningitis. It is important to strengthen immunity through measures such as vaccination and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, adequate sleep, and regular physical activity.
2. Specific Anatomical Structures
Certain individuals may have unique anatomical features—such as skull base fractures or untreated otitis media—that allow pathogens to directly invade the meninges, triggering an inflammatory response and resulting in meningitis. Corrective treatments for anatomical abnormalities, such as surgical repair of skull fractures or treatment of middle ear infections, can help reduce the risk of meningitis.
3. Viral Infection
Viruses such as poliovirus, herpes simplex virus, and mumps virus can all cause meningitis. These viruses typically enter the body via respiratory droplets or the bloodstream and then infect the meninges, causing inflammation. Symptoms often include fever, headache, muscle pain, and sore throat. Patients may take medications such as acyclovir tablets, ganciclovir injection, and acetaminophen tablets as directed by a physician.
4. Bacterial Infection
Bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis may also lead to meningitis. These bacteria usually enter the body through the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or skin wounds, then spread to the meninges via the bloodstream or lymphatic system, causing infection and resulting in meningitis. Common symptoms include high fever, severe headache, and vomiting. Under medical supervision, patients may be treated with antibiotics such as amoxicillin capsules, roxithromycin dispersible tablets, and dexamethasone acetate tablets.
5. Fungal Infection
Fungal infections, particularly those caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, can also result in meningitis. Fungi typically enter the body through inhalation, cross the blood-brain barrier, and establish infection in the meninges and brain tissue, leading to symptoms such as headache, fever, and neck stiffness. Treatment may include antifungal medications such as amphotericin B for injection, fluconazole capsules, and fluorouracil injection, used under a doctor’s recommendation.
In daily life, it is advisable to maintain a light diet, eat small frequent meals, engage in appropriate exercise, and enhance overall immunity.
