How is tuberculous meningitis treated?

Under normal circumstances, tuberculous meningitis may be caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, low immune function, hematogenous dissemination of tuberculosis bacteria, rupture of intracranial tuberculous lesions, or disturbances in cerebrospinal fluid circulation. It is recommended to seek timely medical consultation, identify the exact cause, and improve the condition under a doctor's guidance through general treatment, medication, or surgical intervention. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: Mycobacterium tuberculosis invades the meninges, triggering an inflammatory response. Patients should follow medical advice to use anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid tablets, rifampicin capsules, and pyrazinamide tablets. Combination drug therapy is necessary to eliminate the bacteria, and the treatment course must strictly follow medical instructions to avoid recurrence caused by擅自 discontinuation of medication.

2. Low immune function: Malnutrition, long-term sleep deprivation, and similar factors can lead to a weakened immune system, making the body more susceptible to meningitis caused by tuberculosis infection. Daily intake of high-quality proteins and vitamins, as well as sufficient sleep, should be ensured.

3. Hematogenous dissemination of tuberculosis bacteria: Tuberculosis bacteria from lesions in areas such as the lungs enter the bloodstream and spread to the meninges via blood circulation. Active treatment of the primary tuberculosis lesion is required. In addition to oral anti-tuberculosis drugs, medications such as rifampicin for injection, isoniazid for injection, and streptomycin sulfate injection may be used when necessary to enhance anti-tuberculosis effects and control bacterial spread.

4. Rupture of intracranial tuberculous lesions: Rupture of intracranial tuberculomas or other lesions releases tuberculosis bacteria into the meninges. On the basis of standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment, if the lesion is large and causes increased intracranial pressure, medications such as mannitol injection, glycerol fructose injection, and furosemide injection can be used to reduce intracranial pressure.

5. Obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid circulation: Meningeal inflammation can lead to increased cerebrospinal fluid production or blockage of its circulation pathway, resulting in elevated intracranial pressure. If the circulation pathway is severely obstructed, cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery may be needed to establish a new drainage channel, restore normal cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and relieve intracranial pressure.

In daily life, maintain a quiet and clean environment and avoid emotional excitement in patients; provide easily digestible food and avoid spicy or irritating foods; regularly review cerebrospinal fluid and cranial CT scans to monitor disease progression, adjust treatment plans timely, and ensure treatment effectiveness.