What are the causes of cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage?

Generally speaking, cerebral infarction refers to ischemic stroke, and cerebral hemorrhage refers to intracerebral bleeding. Ischemic stroke may be caused by irregular lifestyle habits, excessive emotional fluctuations, lack of physical activity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and other factors. Cerebral hemorrhage may result from unhealthy lifestyle habits, excessive straining, cold exposure, hypertension, or cerebral arteriosclerosis. If any discomfort occurs, prompt medical attention is recommended. Detailed analysis is as follows:

I. Ischemic Stroke (Cerebral Infarction)

1. Irregular Lifestyle Habits

Chronic sleep deprivation, insufficient sleep, and overexertion can reduce immune function and slow blood circulation, increasing the risk of thrombosis and leading to ischemic stroke. It is important to ensure adequate sleep, aiming for 7–9 hours per day.

2. Excessive Emotional Fluctuations

Intense emotional changes can stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, potentially causing elevated blood pressure and increased heart rate, which may lead to cerebral vasoconstriction and spasm, resulting in ischemic stroke. It is advisable to learn emotional regulation and maintain a calm and balanced mindset.

3. Lack of Physical Activity

Insufficient exercise slows blood circulation and reduces vascular elasticity, increasing the risk of ischemic stroke. A reasonable exercise plan should be established, including aerobic activities such as walking, jogging, swimming, and strength training.

4. Hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia, often caused by a long-term high-fat diet, promotes atherosclerosis and thrombus formation, triggering ischemic stroke. It may be accompanied by symptoms such as obesity. Patients should take medications such as simvastatin tablets, atorvastatin calcium tablets, or rosuvastatin calcium tablets under medical guidance.

5. Diabetes

Insufficient insulin secretion may lead to diabetes, causing microvascular and macrovascular complications that contribute to ischemic stroke. Symptoms may include increased thirst, hunger, and urination. Patients may be prescribed medications such as metformin hydrochloride tablets, gliclazide modified-release tablets, or acarbose capsules under a doctor's supervision.

II. Cerebral Hemorrhage

1. Unhealthy Lifestyle Habits

Chronic sleep deprivation, overwork, and irregular eating habits can weaken immunity, increase vascular fragility, and elevate blood pressure, thereby increasing the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Maintaining a regular sleep schedule, ensuring sufficient rest, and creating a conducive sleep environment—quiet, dark, and at a comfortable temperature—are essential.

2. Excessive Straining

Sudden, forceful exertion can cause a sharp rise in blood pressure, increasing stress on cerebral blood vessels. When this pressure exceeds the vessel wall's capacity, cerebral hemorrhage may occur. Avoid strenuous activities and engage in moderate muscle-strengthening exercises to improve strength and endurance, reducing the risk of vascular injury from excessive strain.

3. Cold Exposure

In cold environments, excessive vasoconstriction can elevate blood pressure and increase vessel wall fragility, potentially leading to cerebral hemorrhage. During cold seasons or in low temperatures, proper warmth preservation is crucial; avoid prolonged exposure to cold air.

4. Hypertension

Long-term high-salt, high-fat diets may lead to hypertension, promoting arterial hardening and increased vessel fragility, which predisposes individuals to cerebral hemorrhage. Symptoms may include palpitations. Patients should take antihypertensive medications such as amlodipine besylate tablets, irbesartan tablets, or metoprolol tartrate sustained-release tablets under medical supervision.

5. Cerebral Arteriosclerosis

Cerebral arteriosclerosis may result from prolonged excessive intake of animal fats. Severe arteriosclerosis weakens the vessel walls, making them prone to rupture and causing cerebral hemorrhage. Symptoms may include dizziness and headache. Patients should use medications such as enteric-coated aspirin tablets, nifedipine controlled-release tablets, or ginkgo leaf extracts under a physician’s recommendation.

In daily life, it is important to maintain regular作息 (作息 translates to "daily routine" or "rest-activity cycle"), avoid emotional fluctuations, engage in moderate physical activity, stay warm, and avoid cold exposure.