What causes nosebleeds?
Sep 30, 2024
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Lu Cheng
Introduction
In general, nosebleeds are medically referred to as epistaxis. Nosebleeds may be associated with factors such as dry climate, intense physical exercise, rhinitis, hypertension, hemophilia, and others. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly and receive treatments—such as general management and medication—under the guidance of a physician. In daily life, maintain moisture in the nasal passages and avoid applying cold compresses immediately after vigorous exercise.
Nosebleeds generally refer to epistaxis, which may be associated with factors such as dry climate, intense physical exercise, rhinitis, hypertension, and hemophilia. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly and receive treatments such as general management and medication under a doctor's guidance. Specific analyses are as follows:
1. Dry Climate
In dry environments, dry air reduces the moisture of nasal mucosa, making it fragile. Even slight friction or touch can trigger nosebleeds. Using a humidifier to increase indoor humidity and keep nasal passages moist may help; saline nasal sprays can also be used to maintain moisture and prevent nasal dryness.
2. Intense Physical Exercise
During vigorous exercise, heart rate increases and blood pressure rises, increasing pressure on blood vessels in the nasal cavity. Fragile vessels may rupture under this pressure, leading to nosebleeds. Avoid intense exercise in extreme weather conditions, perform proper warm-up and cool-down routines, and maintain an appropriate exercise intensity.
3. Rhinitis
Rhinitis can be triggered by factors such as cold exposure, excessive smoking or alcohol consumption, nutritional deficiencies, allergies, or infections. It may cause nasal mucosal congestion and swelling, making underlying blood vessels fragile and prone to rupture and bleeding. Symptoms often include nasal congestion, runny nose, and facial pain. Treatment may include medications such as amoxicillin capsules, azelastine fluticasone nasal spray, or loratadine tablets, as prescribed by a physician.
4. Hypertension
Hypertension may be triggered by high-sodium low-potassium diets, excessive alcohol intake, or a family history of high blood pressure. Poorly controlled blood pressure can place excessive stress on nasal blood vessels, causing them to rupture and bleed. Common accompanying symptoms include headache, blurred vision, and chest pain. Medications such as captopril tablets, amlodipine besylate tablets, or irbesartan tablets may be used as directed by a doctor.
5. Hemophilia
Hemophilia may result from infections, anemia, genetic factors, or ionizing radiation, affecting clotting factors or platelet counts in the blood and reducing blood coagulation ability. Even minor nasal trauma may lead to prolonged nosebleeds. Other symptoms may include skin bruising and joint bleeding. Treatments may include medications such as Yunnan Baiyao tablets, recombinant human coagulation factor for injection, or tranexamic acid injection, used under medical supervision.
In daily life, it is important to keep the nasal passages moist, avoid applying cold compresses immediately after intense exercise, and have regular follow-up checkups to help prevent nosebleeds.
