What does it mean if lymphocyte percentage and plateletcrit are low, and what should be done?

In general, a low lymphocyte ratio and low platelet hematocrit may be caused by excessive water intake, intense physical activity or profuse sweating, aplastic anemia, autoimmune diseases, or viral infections. If any discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek medical attention immediately. Treatment under a doctor's guidance may include general management and medication. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Excessive Water Intake

Drinking large amounts of water in a short period increases blood volume and dilutes the blood, leading to temporarily reduced lymphocyte ratio and platelet hematocrit levels during testing. This is a normal physiological response that does not require special treatment. Normal levels can be restored by reducing fluid intake or allowing natural metabolic processes to rebalance, followed by retesting.

2. Intense Physical Activity or Profuse Sweating

After intense exercise or heavy sweating, excessive loss of body fluids may disrupt the apparent concentration of blood, resulting in lower-than-normal lymphocyte ratio and platelet hematocrit readings, which represent physiological fluctuations. It is recommended to promptly rehydrate, maintain fluid balance, and repeat complete blood count tests after recovery.

3. Aplastic Anemia

Aplastic anemia results from bone marrow failure to produce sufficient blood cells, leading to reductions in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, thereby causing decreased lymphocyte ratio and platelet hematocrit. Common symptoms include pale skin, fatigue, and increased susceptibility to infections. Treatment should follow medical advice and may include medications such as eltrombopag olamine tablets, hetrombopag olamine tablets, or romiplostim injection.

4. Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus cause the immune system to mistakenly attack the body’s own tissues, leading to reduced lymphocyte counts. Other typical symptoms include joint pain and rashes. Treatment under medical supervision may involve cyclophosphamide for injection, methotrexate for injection, or prednisone acetate tablets.

5. Viral Infections

During viral infections such as influenza or hepatitis, lymphocytes—being part of the immune system—are recruited to infection sites to fight the virus, which may temporarily reduce their circulating numbers. Symptoms often include fever, fatigue, and muscle aches. Under medical guidance, treatments may include vidarabine monophosphate for injection, oseltamivir phosphate capsules, or baloxavir marboxil tablets.

In daily life, it is advisable to maintain a light diet and avoid spicy or irritating foods. Additionally, engaging in moderate exercise can help enhance the body's immunity.