What is the difference between penicillin and ampicillin?
Oct 30, 2024
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
In general, ampicillin and penicillin are both classified as β-lactam antibiotics, but they differ in chemical structure, antimicrobial spectrum, clinical applications, resistance patterns, and side effects. Before using either of these medications, it is important to understand relevant information and strictly follow the doctor's instructions for proper use.
Generally speaking, ampicillin refers to ambenicillin. Both penicillin and ampicillin belong to the β-lactam class of antibiotics. The main differences between them lie in their chemical structures, antimicrobial spectra, clinical applications, resistance profiles, and side effects. If any discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Specific analysis is as follows:
1. Different Chemical Structures
Penicillin belongs to the first generation of β-lactam antibiotics, with a chemical structure consisting of a side chain added to the β-lactam ring. Ampicillin is similar to penicillin, but its chemical structure includes an aminophenyl group attached to the side chain of penicillin.
2. Different Antimicrobial Spectra
Penicillin is commonly used to inhibit Gram-positive bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Shigella, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Ampicillin is primarily used to inhibit Gram-negative bacteria, such as Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
3. Different Clinical Applications
The application range of penicillin is relatively broad, and it is commonly used to treat conditions such as pharyngitis, pneumonia, and otitis media. Ampicillin has an even broader range of applications and can be used to treat urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, and others.
4. Different Resistance Profiles
Penicillin exhibits relatively strong resistance; its active components may be affected by β-lactamase. Ampicillin can also encounter resistance, but due to structural differences, it has higher stability and relatively lower resistance.
5. Different Side Effects
Long-term use of penicillin may lead to allergic reactions, causing symptoms such as skin itching, redness, and rashes. Long-term use of ampicillin may cause respiratory or gastrointestinal reactions, manifesting as wheezing, shortness of breath, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
Before using penicillin or ampicillin, relevant information should be understood in advance. If allergic to the drug components, usage is not recommended. If adverse symptoms occur after taking the medication, use should be discontinued immediately. Additionally, it is important to note that all medications should be taken under the guidance of a physician to avoid self-medication that could harm health.
