What is diabetic ketoacidosis, and what should be done about it?
Nov 14, 2024
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
Diabetic ketoacidosis is a complication of diabetes that may be caused by improper use of medications, inappropriate diet, stress, hypercortisolism, type 1 diabetes, or other factors. In daily life, it is important to strictly follow medical instructions when taking antidiabetic drugs, maintain a balanced diet, regularly monitor and control blood glucose levels, keep emotions stable, and avoid excessive fatigue.
Under normal circumstances, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a complication of diabetes mellitus that may be caused by improper use of medications, inappropriate diet, stress conditions, Cushing's syndrome (excess cortisol), type 1 diabetes, and other factors. Treatment can be carried out under medical guidance through general supportive measures and pharmacological therapy. Specific analyses are as follows:
1. Improper Medication Use
Inadequate insulin dosage or interruption of insulin therapy, as well as incorrect use of oral hypoglycemic agents, may lead to uncontrolled blood glucose levels and result in diabetic ketoacidosis. It is essential to strictly follow medical instructions when using antidiabetic medications—do not arbitrarily adjust dosages or discontinue treatment. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels and timely adjustments to the treatment plan are crucial.
2. Inappropriate Diet
If patients with diabetes do not consume enough carbohydrates, the body begins breaking down fat for energy, leading to ketone production and eventually triggering diabetic ketoacidosis. It is recommended to adjust dietary habits by reducing intake of high-sugar and high-fat foods, while increasing consumption of carbohydrates and dietary fiber to maintain balanced nutrition.
3. Stress Conditions
During stressful events such as surgery, trauma, or infection, patients with diabetes may experience a surge in stress hormones like epinephrine and glucagon, which can trigger diabetic ketoacidosis. Close monitoring of blood glucose levels and prompt adjustment of treatment plans are necessary during such periods. Maintaining emotional stability and avoiding excessive tension or anxiety are also important.
4. Cushing's Syndrome (Excess Cortisol)
Cushing's syndrome is typically caused by abnormally high levels of cortisol in the body. Excessive cortisol secretion from the adrenal cortex raises blood glucose levels and promotes fat breakdown, indirectly contributing to the development of diabetic ketoacidosis. Symptoms may include moon face, buffalo hump, and others. Treatment should follow medical advice and may include medications such as spironolactone tablets, potassium chloride injection, and insulin aspart injection.
5. Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is often caused by genetic factors or reduced autoimmune function, resulting in destruction of pancreatic β-cells and an absolute deficiency of insulin. Due to insufficient insulin, the body cannot effectively regulate blood glucose, making ketoacidosis more likely. Common symptoms include weight loss, increased thirst, frequent urination, and increased appetite. Treatment may include medications such as metformin tablets, liraglutide injection, and glutathione tablets, used according to medical guidance.
In daily life, strictly adhering to prescribed antidiabetic medication regimens, maintaining a balanced diet, regularly monitoring and controlling blood glucose levels, staying emotionally stable, and avoiding excessive fatigue can help prevent the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis.
