What is vulvovaginal candidiasis, and what should be done about it?

Vulvovaginal candidiasis refers to an infection caused by Candida species affecting the vulva and vagina. Under normal circumstances, vulvovaginal candidiasis may be caused by changes in the vaginal environment, decreased immunity, long-term use of antibiotics, transmission through sexual activity, pregnancy, and other factors. Management should be determined according to the specific situation.

1. Changes in the vaginal environment: Frequent vaginal douching can disrupt the natural barrier and acid-base balance of the vagina, making the vaginal mucosa fragile and more susceptible to Candida overgrowth. It is recommended to wash the vulva with warm water daily and wear cotton, loose-fitting underwear to maintain good ventilation in the vaginal area.

2. Decreased immunity: When the body's immunity is compromised, the balance of vaginal flora can easily be disrupted, allowing Candida to multiply and cause vulvovaginal candidiasis. It is recommended to adjust lifestyle habits, ensure adequate sleep, and engage in appropriate physical exercise to strengthen the immune system.

3. Long-term antibiotic use: Prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can inhibit the growth of lactobacilli in the vagina. When lactobacilli numbers decrease, Candida can proliferate and cause inflammation. It is recommended to adjust antibiotic use under a physician's guidance and, as directed, use medications such as Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules or lactobacillus tablets for treatment.

4. Transmission through sexual activity: Men's genitalia may also carry Candida. During unprotected sexual intercourse, Candida can be transmitted to women and multiply rapidly in the favorable vaginal environment, causing inflammation. It is recommended to use medications such as miconazole nitrate cream or levofloxacin tablets under a physician's guidance for treatment.

5. Pregnancy: During pregnancy, elevated estrogen levels increase glycogen content in vaginal epithelial cells. Lactobacilli metabolize glycogen into lactic acid, lowering the vaginal pH and providing abundant nutrients for Candida, promoting its growth and proliferation. It is recommended to use medications such as Nystatin-neomycin sulfate vaginal cream or clotrimazole vaginal tablets under a physician's guidance for treatment.

Avoid sexual intercourse during the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis to prevent cross-infection. Follow the physician's instructions for medication, and schedule regular follow-up visits after symptom relief to prevent recurrence.