What tests are performed in respiratory medicine?

Generally, respiratory department examinations include chest X-ray, pulmonary function tests, blood tests, sputum analysis, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The specific details are as follows:

1. Chest X-ray: This examination uses X-rays to capture images of the chest, allowing visualization of the lungs, trachea, bronchi, and pleura. It helps detect abnormalities such as pneumonia, tumors, tuberculosis, pneumothorax, and pleural effusion.

2. Pulmonary Function Tests: These tests measure airflow, lung volume, and gas diffusion capacity to assess the lungs' ventilation and gas exchange functions. Examples include tests for ventilatory function, gas exchange function, and bronchodilator testing.

3. Blood Tests: Blood samples are collected and analyzed to evaluate the patient's overall health status. Common tests include complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin levels, which help identify infections, inflammation, or anemia.

4. Sputum Analysis: Sputum samples are collected and subjected to bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing. This helps identify the causative pathogens responsible for lung infections and guides appropriate antibiotic selection.

5. Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy: This procedure uses a fiberoptic bronchoscope to directly examine the trachea, bronchi, and lungs. It allows for biopsy or brushing to collect tissue samples for pathological examination, aiding in accurate diagnosis.

These diagnostic procedures help physicians evaluate the respiratory system and provide critical information for developing precise treatment plans.