What causes low-lying placenta?

Generally, low placental position may be caused by multiple pregnancies, advanced maternal age, smoking, endometritis, uterine malformations, and other factors. If experiencing any discomfort, timely medical consultation is recommended. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Multiple Pregnancies

In cases of multiple pregnancies, the space within the uterus is relatively limited, making it more likely for the placenta to attach near the uterine fundus or cervix, resulting in a low placental position. Regular prenatal examinations should be conducted to monitor placental position changes, and cesarean section may be necessary to avoid the risk of hemorrhage during delivery.

2. Advanced Maternal Age

With increasing age, the quality and thickness of the endometrium may decline, affecting the placenta's normal implantation. The endometrium of older pregnant women may be more fragile, causing the placenta to preferentially attach to the lower segment of the uterus. Close monitoring during pregnancy and regular placental position checks are recommended, with planned cesarean delivery if necessary.

3. Smoking

Harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and nicotine released from smoking can damage the endometrium, affecting its normal function and causing the placenta to preferentially implant at the lower uterine segment. Smoking cessation during pregnancy, lifestyle improvement, and reduced exposure to harmful substances are recommended, along with regular prenatal monitoring of placental position.

4. Endometritis

Endometritis can be caused by lower genital tract infections, gynecological procedures, poor sexual hygiene, and other factors. Endometritis affects the formation of decidual blood vessels in the uterus, resulting in insufficient placental blood supply. To obtain adequate nutrition, the placenta may increase in surface area and extend into the lower uterine segment, forming placenta previa, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. Medications such as metronidazole tablets, clindamycin hydrochloride capsules, and ofloxacin glucose injection should be administered as directed by a physician.

5. Uterine Malformations

Uterine malformations sometimes result from abnormal embryonic development. Abnormal uterine shape or structure, such as bicornuate uterus or septate uterus, may lead to irregular uterine cavity morphology, preventing the placenta from normally attaching to the uterine wall and thereby forming placenta previa, which may present with symptoms such as dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain. It is recommended to follow medical advice regarding medications such as progesterone capsules, dydrogesterone tablets, and vitamin E soft capsules.

In daily life, pregnant women are advised to avoid consuming spicy or irritating foods to prevent placental stimulation.