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What is macular degeneration of the retina?

Nov 29, 2024 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Wang Shuai
Introduction
Macular lesions may be caused by genetic factors, aging, macular edema, epiretinal membrane, central serous chorioretinopathy, and other factors. Those caused by genetic mutations or DNA damage are hereditary macular diseases, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Relaxing the body and mind through meditation, deep breathing, and maintaining emotional stability is recommended.

Generally, macular lesions may be caused by genetic factors, aging, macular edema, epiretinal membrane, or central serous chorioretinopathy. If experiencing any discomfort, prompt medical attention is recommended. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Genetic Factors

Genetic macular disease is caused by gene damage or mutation and currently has no effective treatment. Patients can relax their body and mind through meditation, deep breathing, and maintain emotional stability.

2. Aging

With aging, the phagocytic function of the retinal pigment epithelium gradually declines, which may lead to macular lesions. Regular fundus examinations are recommended to monitor disease progression and receive appropriate treatment according to medical advice.

3. Macular Edema

Systemic diseases can increase vascular permeability in the macular region, causing fluid leakage into the subretinal neuroepithelial layer, forming edema. Symptoms may include vision loss, blurred vision, and central scotoma. Under the guidance of a specialist, patients may be treated with medications such as conbercept ophthalmic injection, ranibizumab injection, or triamcinolone acetonide injection.

4. Epiretinal Membrane

Epiretinal membrane formation may be associated with retinal inflammation, trauma, or abnormal healing responses after surgery. Abnormal growth of transparent fibrous tissue on the macular surface can cause visual distortion, possibly accompanied by blurred vision. It is recommended to follow medical advice for treatment using medications such as gatifloxacin eye drops, chlortetracycline eye ointment, or levofloxacin eye ointment.

5. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

This condition commonly affects middle-aged men and is associated with stress and hormone levels. Central serous chorioretinopathy involves increased permeability of choroidal blood vessels, potentially leading to subretinal fluid accumulation and symptoms mentioned above, including decreased central vision and altered color perception. Patients should follow medical guidance for treatment with medications such as Mingzhu oral liquid, HeXue MingMu tablets, or vitamin B1 tablets.

It is important to avoid excessive physical fatigue and ensure adequate sleep to help relieve eye fatigue and stress.

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