What causes rhabdomyolysis?
Dec 23, 2024
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Wang Lei
Introduction
Rhabdomyolysis refers to the rhabdomyolysis syndrome, primarily caused by intense exercise, heat stress, traumatic muscle injury, bacterial infection, dermatomyositis, and other similar factors. Prolonged or high-intensity physical activity can lead to muscle cell damage and trigger muscle dissolution. Treatment includes rest, fluid replacement, maintaining electrolyte balance, intravenous fluids when necessary, monitoring kidney function, and avoiding nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Generally, myolysis refers to rhabdomyolysis, primarily caused by intense exercise, heat stress, traumatic muscle injury, bacterial infection, dermatomyositis, and other factors. If discomfort occurs, seek medical attention promptly. Detailed analysis is as follows:
1. Intense Exercise
High-intensity or prolonged physical activity can cause muscle cell damage, leading to rhabdomyolysis. Management includes rest, fluid and electrolyte replacement, intravenous fluids if necessary, monitoring kidney function, and avoiding nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
2. Heat Stress
Extended exposure to high temperatures or intense physical activity in hot environments can lead to muscle overheating and dehydration, causing muscle breakdown. Treatment involves rapid cooling, hydration, electrolyte replacement, and intravenous fluids if needed.
3. Traumatic Muscle Injury
Muscle crush injuries caused by external forces, such as those from car accidents or earthquakes, can lead to ischemic muscle necrosis and subsequent myolysis, often accompanied by swelling and pain. Treatment should follow medical advice and may include medications such as tramadol hydrochloride sustained-release tablets, sanqi capsules, and huli powder capsules.
4. Bacterial Infection
Bacterial infection results from the invasion of bacteria into the body, triggering an inflammatory response. Pathogenic infections can release large amounts of inflammatory mediators that damage muscle cells, leading to the aforementioned symptoms, including fever and nausea. It is recommended to follow medical guidance for treatment with medications such as levofloxacin tablets, penicillin V potassium tablets, and ceftriaxone sodium for injection.
5. Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune disorder caused by immune system dysfunction. It leads to the production of autoantibodies targeting muscle tissue, causing muscle cell injury and lysis. Symptoms may include skin lesions and joint pain. Treatment should be guided by qualified physicians and may involve medications such as fusidic acid cream, mupirocin ointment, and cefuroxime axetil tablets.
In daily life, consuming foods rich in vitamins and minerals, such as fresh vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, may help promote muscle recovery and enhance immunity.
